Periodontal disease is the inflammation and infection of the gums. It is caused by plaque, a thick and sticky film of bacteria that builds up on the teeth.

Plaque can harden to become calculus, known also as tartar. Plaque and calculus are caused by poor oral hygiene; that is, the teeth have not been cleaned thoroughly or often enough.

Signs of periodontal disease

  • Red, swollen, tender, painful or bleeding gums
  • Gums that have shrunk from the teeth
  • Persistent bad breath
  • A bad taste in the mouth
  • Abscesses between teeth and gums
  • The fit of a denture has changed
  • Loose teeth, drifting apart of teeth, and gaps appearing between teeth.